BACKGROUND: Inflammatory cells in the tumor stroma have gained increasing interests recently. We aimed to study the prognostic impact of the presence of stromal mast cells in INVASIVE BREAST CARCINOMAs.METHODS: Tissue sections of 108 cases with INVASIVE BREAST cancers were prepared and stained with Giemsa. The presence of stromal mast cells were evaluated and its correlation with tumor’s grade, tumor size, positivity for estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR, respectively), HER2/neu positivity and lymph node metastasis was analysed. RESULTS: The median age was 52.3 years (range 28-85 years). Grading was done according to the Nottingham Modification of the Bloom-Richardson system. Fifty-four (50%) women had grade 1, 16 (14.8%) had grade 2 and 38 (35.2%) had grade 3 tumor. The presence of stromal mast cells correlated significantly to low grade tumors (p=0.004) and ER positivity (p=0.04). There was no correlation between the presence of stromal mast cells and the PR positivity, HER2/neu positivity, tumor size and lymph node metastasis (p>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that the presence of mast cells in BREAST cancer is correlated with a much lower grade of this tumor. Also in our study, there was a positive correlation between ER receptor positivity and the presence of mast cells in the stroma of BREAST cancer.

Background: Medullary BREAST CARCINOMA (MBC) is a unique histological subtype of BREAST cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the classic and non-classic characteristics of MBC and its differences with IDC. The present review study incorporates 22 years of practical experience from a BREAST disease research center-based series of cases. Methods: Retrospectively, the medical records of 3, 246 patients were reviewed in the BREAST Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science (Shiraz, Iran), from December 1993 to December 2015. The tumor size, lymph node metastasis, pathologic stage, nuclear and histological grade, hormonal receptor status, recurrence, disease-free, and overall survival were reviewed. Differences between medullary BREAST CARCINOMA and INVASIVE ductal CARCINOMA were analyzed statistically using the Chi-square, Fischer, independent-sample t test, and Kaplan-Meier analysis (SPSS version 19. 0). P<0. 05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 179 patients were identified with MBC and 3, 067 patients were identified with IDC. The MBC group had a significant association with a higher histological grade (P<0. 001) as well as negative estrogen receptor (P<0. 001), progesterone receptor (P<0. 001), and HER-2 (P=0. 004) status. The MBC patients predominantly had triple-negative BREAST cancer (TNBC) according to the molecular subtype (P<0. 001). In local invasion, MBC was less INVASIVE compared to IDC (P<0. 001). The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) differed significantly between the MBC and IDC groups (5-year DFS: 94. 2% vs. 86. 3%, P=0. 008; 5-year OS: 98. 1% vs. 92. 8%, P=0. 004). Conclusion: Despite the poor and aggressive pathological features of MBC, its clinical outcome is more favorable compared to IDC. Our findings can be useful in improvement of diagnosis and treatment of less known BREAST cancer subtypes, such as MBC.

Background: It seems that the population of regulatory T-cells increases in many malignancies leading to suppression of effector immune responses and thereby leads to progression of the disease. We aimed to assess infiltration of the regulatory T-cells into tumor environment in women with BREAST CARCINOMA.Methods: In a control-case study, 9 malignant tumor tissues from INVASIVE INTRADUCTAL BREAST CARCINOMA (case) and 8 benign BREAST tissues from healthy women (control) were mechanically and enzymatically processed. The prepared cell suspension was then subjected to staining of cell surface markers CD4 and CD25, and the extracellular marker FOXP3, and was finally analyzed by flow cytometry.Results: Population of regulatory T-cells in malignant tumor tissues showed significant increase compared to the control (p<0.001). A weak positive correlation was observed between size of the tumors and the infiltration of regulatory T-cells. Also, there was a moderate negative correlation between age of individuals and the number of regulatory T-cells in both malignant and benign BREAST tissues.Conclusions: Increased regulatory T-cells population in INVASIVE INTRADUCTAL BREAST tumor environment may be the major cause of immunosuppression contributing to the tumor progression. However, further studies with larger sample size are suggested to clarify this hypothesis.

Introduction: Glycoconjugates are a class of glycoproteins or glycolipids, their terminal sugars are responsible for cell-cell and/or cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Aberrant glycosylation of these compounds are one of the most important aspects of cellular transformation, metastasis and escape of tumoral cells from immune system and resistance to antineoplastic drugs. Recent studies showed that patients with HPA (helix pomatia agglutinin) positive INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA cells have worse prognosis compared to patients with HPA negative cells. The aim of the present study was to define the presence of GalNac terminal sugar in glycoconjugate of different grades of INTRADUCTAL BREAST CARCINOMA and to compare the degree and the pattern of reactivity of tumoral cells to HPA lectin. Materials and Methods: The paraffin blocks belonging to 20 patients of INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA was chosen from pathology archive of Khatam-Al-Anbia hospital in Zahedan and 5-7 micrometer sections were prepared. Two expert pathologists determined histopathological grading independently. The lectin histochemistry was performed using HPA. The same observers determined histochemical grading. Data were analyzed by NPAR (non-parametric) test of Mann Whitney. Results: Results of this study revealed that the pattern and the degree of histochemical reactivity of neoplastic cells differ in all grades of INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA. Histochemical staining showed significant difference between grades of INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA of the BREAST (p<0.003). The lowest reactivity was seen in grade I and the highest in grade III. Furthermore, the reaction of tumoral cells was primarily confined to apical surfaces of cells in grade I, to the Golgi zone in grade II, and to a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution in grade III. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the HPA reactivity of tumoral cells were different in all grades of INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA. The tumor cells showed aberrant glycosylation, which occurred in the course of anaplastic changes. It seems that our data suggest a potential and clinically important role of HPA reactivity to predict the INVASIVE nature of malignant tumoral cells of INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA of the BREAST.

Background: The BREAST cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, on the other hand absence of myoepithelial cells play a pivotal role in pathogenesis of this cancer. Thus we aimed to investigate the possible abilities of the molecular assay technique to find a relationship between mammary serine protease inhibitor (Maspin) gene expression possibly secreted by myoepithelial cells, grade of BREAST cancer and other prognostics factors (ER, PR, and c-erb-B2).Methods: Paraffin embedded blocks of 31 BREAST cancer patients together with two normal BREAST tissues were used for IHC staining and Maspin gene RNA detection uses the real-time PCR method. Applying QIAGEN kit, we were able to measure Maspin RNA and Extract the cDNA of different samples for evaluating the Maspin RNA level.Results: We found that the RNA level was considerably lowerin these cancer samples compared with normal samples. In addition, different grades of BREAST cancer in the obtained results adopt some distinguishable values. The Maspin expression in samples with grades II and III is much lower than the ones in normal group (P<0.05) which could be considered as a promising way in diagnosing of this disease. The results showed no considerable differences in Maspin gene expression of the c-erb-B2 scores in the tumor group except the samples having score 0. The other observation of this research study confirmed that Maspin gene expression couldn' t show any differences between the values of both ER and PR in different scores of the tumor group. On the other hand, the cDNA of these patients showed lower values compared with normal samples.Conclusion: Maspin expression was reduced in samples with grade II& III of INVASIVE ductal CARCINOMA. Based on expression of Maspin Inc-erb-B2, it seems that more expression happened in normal group comparing with different scores of it.We could suggest that there was a reverse relationship between tumor formation and Maspin gene expression. These results showed possible role of Maspin as prognostic factor.

Background: INVASIVE cribriform CARCINOMA (ICC) of the BREAST is a distinct histologic type of INVASIVE CARCINOMA that is known to have a relatively favorable prognosis. There is very little information about ICC radiologic findings. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate ICC radiological findings, including those of mammography, sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and histopathological findings. PatientsandMethods: Mammography, sonography, andMRIfindings of twelve female patients with ICC in our institution wereretrospectively reviewed by two radiologists in consensus. Diagnoses were based on surgically resected specimens, and image features were reviewed according to the American college of radiology BREAST imaging reporting and data system (ACR BI-RADS® ) lexicon. Histopathological findings were reviewed by two experienced BREAST pathologists in consensus. Results: Of the twelve patients, eleven underwent pre-operative mammography, and all underwent pre-operative sonography and MRI. Mammographic findings were mass (n = 8), focal asymmetry (n = 2), or no detectable finding (n = 1). Most masses had irregular shapes, indistinct margins, equal densities to the parenchyma, and no associated calcification. By sonography, all masses were hypoechoic with variable shapes. The margins of the tumors were mostly indistinct. Each tumor was depicted as an enhancing mass with an irregular, oval, or round shape on MRI. Usually, the margins were irregular, and enhancement patterns were type III. On histopathologic examinations, most tumors were grade I, and all were luminal subtype A by immunohistochemical study. Conclusion: ICCs of the BREAST appear as masses with typical features of malignancy using radiologic techniques. The differences in the radiologic features of INVASIVE ductal CARCINOMA of no special type, which is the most common INVASIVE BREAST malignancy, and ICCs are that ICCs usually appear without associated calcifications and show rare spiculation.

Introduction: INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA of BREAST is a prevalent cancer type and one of the main reasons of mortality caused by malignancy in women. Changes of cell and extracellular matrix glycoconjugate are the most prevalent recognized features of cancer cells. These changes are responsible for different and aberrant biological behavior of cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to identify L-fucose containing glycoconjugate in cancer cells in different grades of INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA.Methods: Paraffin blocks belonged to 15 patients with INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA were collected from pathology file of Khatam-AL-Anbiya hospital of Zahedan. Sections with 5-7 micrometer in thickness were prepared and stained by Hematoxylin - Eosin and UEA/Alcian Blue pH=2.5. Lectin was diluted up to 10 mg/mL in phosphate buffer solution. The sections were graded blindly according to staining intensity to lectin (0-3).Results: In this study, the presence of a small amount of L-fucose in extracellular matrix of grade I was shown. The staining intensity of interlobular connective tissue was more than intralobular connective tissue. Tumoral stroma did not react to lectin in grade II and III. Statistical analysis did not show any significant difference for extracellular matrix and tumoral cells in different grades of INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA.Conclusion: It seems that reaction of cancer cells to lectin was negative or very poor, and L-fucose containing glycoconjugate did not change in neoplastic changes of INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA.

Collision tumors are type of tumors where two histologically distinct type of tumors occur at the same anatomic location. BREAST collision tumors comprising CARCINOMA and lymphoma or INVASIVE ductal CARCINOMA with INVASIVE lobular CARCINOMA are relatively common. However, a collision tumor between metaplastic BREAST CARCINOMA (MBC) and INVASIVE lobular CARCINOMA (ILC) is extremely rare. Here, we report a case of collision tumor in BREAST comprising MBC and ILC. A 60-year-old female patient presented in outdoor department with palpable painless firm mass in left BREAST. FNAC diagnosis of class V smears was made. Wide local excision was done and specimen sent for frozen section analysis. On frozen section, diagnosis of malignant neoplasm was made and suspicion of malignant phyllodes and MBC was raised. All margins were reported free as free of the tumor. Further sectioning revealed another tumor, 0. 1 cm away from main tumor. Sections from this tumor showed a malignant neoplasm arranged in cords with tumor cells having eccentric nuclei and moderate amount of cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis showed spindle cell tumor with profile favoring MBC while IHC analysis of second tumor was consistent with the diagnosis of ILC. Final diagnosis of collision tumor was made.

Background and purpose: Despite the impressive progress in diagnosis and treatment of BREAST cancer, due to late diagnosis and metastasis to lymph nodes, it is still the leading cause of mortality in women. New studies showed a few changes in cell surface glycoconjugate in a few organs in process of neoplasia. The aim of the present study was to recognize Gal/GalNac in cell surface glycoconjugate of fibroadenoma and INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA of the BREAST.Materials and methods: H_E sections of 40 patients diagnosed with fibroadenoma and INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA at pathology file of Khatam-Al-Anbia hospital were chosen. Sections with 5-7 µm thickness were prepared from suitable paraffin blocks of 10 patients (5 fibroadenoma & 5 INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA) and lectin histochemistry using PNA were done (10 µg/ml in PBS 0.1 M, pH=6.8 and alcian blue pH=2.5). Sections studied blindly and histologic reports were prepared.Results: The results of this study showed the presence of Gal/GalNac in apical surface of cells in fibroadenoma and as intracytoplasmic in neoplastic cells of INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA of the BREAST. In addition, the reactivity of cells to the lectin was higher in INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA than fibroadenoma.Conclusion: It seems that terminal sugars of cell surface glycoconjugate and the degree of reactivity of cells to lectin were changed in BREAST cancer.